Marieke is a Dutch journalist and photographer who has been documenting street culture across Europe for over a decade.
In the month of October 1962, the world came nearer to ruin more so than ever during the contemporary era. This happened when an American reconnaissance plane found that Russian atomic weapon sites were being built in Cuba, a mere 100 miles from the United States. In response, U.S. President John F Kennedy directed the US Navy’s Sixth Fleet to enact a naval quarantine around Cuba. The next phase was almost 14 days filled with extreme tension.
The peril was clear. Should President Kennedy, or his Russian opposite, Nikita Khrushchev, had fired against their enemy, a cascade of global nuclear attacks followed by retaliatory strikes could have followed, thrusting mankind into total oblivion.
The October crisis has been documented endlessly, in volumes, movies, and television programmes. However, for its third season, the audio documentary series titled "The Bomb" presents an unprecedented dimension to this historical narrative. It is co-presented featuring Kennedy's relative alongside Khrushchev's descendant, family members belonging to the men that, over 13 days, grasped the fate of the world in their hands.
"What were the Soviet side thinking? What were the American side considering?" asks Khrushcheva, Khrushchev’s descendant and an academic of global relations.
For her, the beauty of the podcast is its attempt to question: "How can nations detest one another to the point they confront one another?"
"It was not lost on me how spectacular the fact that humans can be allies or else can become total adversaries," states Max Kennedy, the son of RFK, related to the late president and now an author and attorney. "We see this repeatedly when countries enter into conflict, highlighting how unbelievably stupid involved to engage in warfare."
What’s notable regarding this event was that, because it transpired in the global spotlight, citizens around the world were able to observe almost in real time while it edged towards disaster. However, the danger of annihilation came closer than most people understood at the time.
"Virtually everyone among Kennedy's advisors wanted a military strike and a ground invasion," says Kennedy. "Had the U.S. struck Cuba using the Sixth Fleet, undoubtedly the Russians on the ground would've launched a tactical nuclear weapon at the American ships, which would have destroyed our aircraft carriers as well as sunk our largest and most important fleet. In turn, the U.S. would have responded through massive retaliation that would have ended most life on the planet."
The fact this did not occur stands as credit to Kennedy and Khrushchev, they succeeded in exercise restraint while engaging in diplomacy when hawkish elements around them was pushing for military action. As a result, Khrushchev agreed to withdraw the nuclear weapons in the Caribbean island while Kennedy (a fact not publicly disclosed then) withdrew American missiles based in Turkey. The sense of relief was worldwide, as was a feeling of hope.
Yet, during those two weeks in October, the anxiety was palpable by everyone. The podcast's co-hosts came into the world shortly after the crisis, and Nina being taught about it through the USSR's education system, which painted a slightly different narrative of what happened.
"You said your father recalls it, describing it as a frightening time," she says. "However for Soviet citizens, people were largely unaware a great deal regarding the crisis, because it was a tense situation, and in the Soviet Union the official line was that things are always fine or positive."
Inside Khrushchev’s family, however, the perspective was different. "I was informed that it was a triumphant moment for the USSR, because it was eyeball to eyeball. They were able to find a solution, and didn’t start the war, seen as a positive thing," she continues. Later on, though, that view was not held by everybody. "For decades within Russian historical analysis, the crisis was viewed as a setback for the Soviet leader, because he refrained from destroying America."
The Bomb is so even-handed , well produced that Nina quips it almost made her forget the known outcome. This effect is, in part, due to contributions from renowned scholars. Yet, really, the most groundbreaking thing is the participation of the hosts themselves. Not so long ago, it would be inconceivable that relatives of the leaders of America and the Soviet Union would appear side by side. The fact that these two individuals are able to do so, and be so warm toward one another, must be seen as a symbol of progress.
"We are not the first," notes Nina. "After the dissolution of the USSR in 1991, a relative moved to America where he formed a close bond with Dwight Eisenhower’s children."
"But we had never met before the podcast," adds Kennedy. "That is a shame since we connected immediately and we’re friends, which is really great. Finally, after nearly 60 years since almost destroying the planet, our lineages are now allies, so I think global relations is more secure, somewhat."
Is that truly the case? Part of why The Bomb feels so necessary is that we now find ourselves living through dark times. The Doomsday Clock stands nearer to catastrophe than ever before, partly since today's statesmen appear not to be able to learn
Marieke is a Dutch journalist and photographer who has been documenting street culture across Europe for over a decade.